I was thinking about the moment when things really turned for Anakin, in ROTS, when he lobbed off Mace Windu's arm, saving Palpatine, and although it seems like Anakin was trapped, and that he really had no other choice, I began to think about what other choices Anakin may've had.
What if Anakin had blocked Windu's blade with his own, instead of slicing off Windu's arm? ... well, then probably Anakin and Windu would've gotten into a lightsaber battle, and likely Palpatine would've interferred in it, since he was only pretending to be weakened by his earlier battle with Windu. So this would not have resolved anything.
What if Anakin had sliced off Windu's arm, and then blocked Palpatine's Sith lightning with his lightsaber? ... Anakin may have had an opportunity to set things right then. He'd basically be in the position that Mace was, which, I believe, Mace would have eventually come out the winner, since he was close enough to finish Palpatine, and Palpatine was being harmed by his own Sith lightning (you could see the effects on Palpatine), and although Palpatine hadn't weakened to the point of defenselessness, I believe he was weakening. Once Palpatine was defenseless, Anakin could've knocked him unconcious, or perhaps severed his hands, and taken him into custody.
What then? Well, Windu argued that Palpatine should be killed on the spot rather than imprisoned and put on trial because Palpatine controlled the Senate (which we already suspected), and because Palpatine controlled the Court. But we have to wonder then, what about democracy? As the Queen of Naboo said in Episode 2, the moment we stop believing democracy can work is the day we lose it. This is exactly what happened here, in Palpatine's chambers. If the Court was indeed corrupt, it should've been abolished, and a new Court established, in democratic fashion. The fact that there were people like Bail Organa and Senator Amidala still around proves that there were still good people in the galaxy, and I believe these kinds of people could have restored order and justice to the Republic.
Now as far as Anakin's problem with Padme's death, Palpatine would still be alive, and perhaps Anakin and the Court could offer Palpatine some leniency if he were to help Anakin find the secret to "cheating death".
So, while I do think Anakin had been put in a very difficult situation, I do not think he was in an impossible situation. I just think he made the wrong choice, and although eventually he set things right (in ROTJ), a lot of people suffered for it, including his own wife Padme, who may have been saved if things had gone differently.